Congenital nevus - 先天性痣
鼻子上的大痣如果在新生儿期不去除，很难完全去除。
由于其形状不规则，因此需要进行活检。
References
Congenital melanocytic nevus 是一种在出生时或婴儿期形成的胎记。 Nevus sebaceous 是一种涉及毛囊缺陷的皮肤异常。在这项研究中，我们使用一种称为针孔法的激光技术和 Erbium: YAG 激光来治疗不同患者的痣病变。
Congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) is a melanocytic nevus that is either present at birth or appears during the latter stages of infancy. Nevus sebaceous has been described as the hamartomatous locus of an embryologically defective pilosebaceous unit. Here, we describe how we used the pinhole technique with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (erbium : YAG) laser to treat nevi lesions in different patients.
Congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) is a melanocytic nevus that is either present at birth or appears during the latter stages of infancy. Nevus sebaceous has been described as the hamartomatous locus of an embryologically defective pilosebaceous unit. Here, we describe how we used the pinhole technique with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (erbium : YAG) laser to treat nevi lesions in different patients.
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus 是一种皮肤黑斑，从出生起就存在，长大后宽度会超过 20 厘米。这种情况非常罕见，每 20,000 名新生儿中发生率不到 1 人。尽管这种情况很少见，但它却很重要，因为它可能导致皮肤癌等严重问题或影响大脑和神经（神经皮肤黑变病）。一生中患皮肤癌的几率为 5% 至 10%。
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus is usually defined as a melanocytic lesion present at birth that will reach a diameter ≥ 20 cm in adulthood. Its incidence is estimated in <1:20,000 newborns. Despite its rarity, this lesion is important because it may associate with severe complications such as malignant melanoma, affect the central nervous system (neurocutaneous melanosis). The estimated lifetime risk of developing melanoma varies from 5 to 10%.
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus is usually defined as a melanocytic lesion present at birth that will reach a diameter ≥ 20 cm in adulthood. Its incidence is estimated in <1:20,000 newborns. Despite its rarity, this lesion is important because it may associate with severe complications such as malignant melanoma, affect the central nervous system (neurocutaneous melanosis). The estimated lifetime risk of developing melanoma varies from 5 to 10%.
与黑素细胞痣相比，先天性黑素细胞痣的直径通常较大，并且可能有多余的毛发。如果超过 40 厘米（16 英寸）且患有多毛症，有时称为巨毛痣。
随着孩子的成熟，黑素细胞痣通常与身体大小成比例地生长。突出的毛发经常形成，尤其是在青春期之后。
手术切除是标准护理。为了美观，许多都通过手术切除。但是，为了预防癌症，较大的肿瘤会被切除。巨大的先天性痣恶变为黑色素瘤的风险较高。文献中对转化为黑色素瘤的估计为 2-42%。
当病变较小时，可以手术切除。但是，随着年龄的增长，疤痕变大，想要完全去除而不留下疤痕是非常困难的。
○ 治疗
#Staged excision (congenital nevus)